As a consequence of the transverse velocity gradient, the liquid below the dashed line will be dragged forward by the tangential force of the faster liquid above it, and the liquid above the dashed line will be dragged backward by the tangential force of the more sluggish liquid below it.
There will be a transverse velocity gradient \(dv/dz\), with the liquid stationary at the river bottom, and the speed becoming faster as we ascend from the bottom. \)Ĭonsider a river flowing over a smooth bed, as in Figure XX.9.
